In no passage of the first letter of St. John does the word "brother" appear as often as in these few verses: in the plural or singular, it is found seven times. And surprisingly, in the story of Cain and Abel to which our passage refers (Genesis 4:1-16), the same word is also found seven times. This is perhaps only a coincidence, but it immediately orients us in a certain direction: when brothers and sisters are together, loving is not automatic. Rivalries may spring up, and conflicts arise. How then should we behave?

"Not like Cain," says our passage (v. 12), but like "that one" (v. 16). And "that one" is obviously Jesus. It is as if the author is pointing his finger at him.

Cain felt threatened by his brother, because Abel was apparently more acceptable. In order not to feel this threat he had to eliminate this brother, exclude him from his horizon. Whereas "that one", Jesus, what did he do? He was able to "lay down for his brothers and sisters” his transient and fragile earthly life (his "soul," as the text says in verse 16), to give it for others. Whereas the former actually lived in a world of death, not only one where everything ends up succumbing to death, but one in which death is inflicted on those who threaten us, the latter sets us in a totally opposite situation; thanks to him we are established in life (v. 14), and that life is eternal (v. 15). It is therefore possible to open ourselves to others (v. 17) without feeling threatened, and to give everything for them, even our own life (v. 16).

For the author of the letter, brotherly love lies at the heart of this opposition between life and death. To love means to make a choice. We must "choose to love," as Brother Roger put it. Although according to some Jewish writings we should have pity for Cain, since he is in us all, we must choose not to be like him. We must therefore choose the life given in Christ rather than the world of death that surrounds us naturally.

To love means to live and to cause to live. To live the only true life, that which is eternal. To receive it again and again, despite our unworthiness, and to communicate it to others who are poor like us. It is possible that this letter opposes the ideas of some Christians who, on the lookout for high-minded and spiritual thoughts, felt they were above ordinary believers and despised gestures like opening their hearts and sharing their possessions (v . 17).

Love always follows a downward movement. It is never satisfied with words, ideas or feelings. It is touched by the very real misery it sees, which disturbs it. It seeks ways of dealing with this; it gives itself tirelessly and never shrinks from the most humble toil.

However, St. John links this need to prove love by acting to an urgent call to love "in truth" (v. 18). By that he does not mean primarily that love must be sincere and stand the test of truth. The word "truth" for him refers to what God has shown of himself, to the way Jesus showed us what love is (v. 16).

Although we all have some notions about love and aspire to it, we do not know what love is. What we call love is not always love. To discover all that is contained in the word, we have to look carefully at the example of Jesus, who never set himself over his brothers and who, in addition, did not hesitate to give his life. The truth of our love is not judged according to purely human, psychological criteria. It consists in what Jesus has enabled us to see and to understand.

One could summarize the passage by saying that loving means choosing life and truth. If these words no longer have the full and deep meaning they had for John, let us nevertheless make them attractive by giving them all the freshness and broadness revealed in Jesus.

Monthly Bible Commentaries

Journeying together

Luke 10:1-11

After this the Lord appointed seventy-two others and sent them two by two ahead of him to every town and place where he was about to go. He told them, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Ask the Lord of the harvest, therefore, to send out workers into his harvest field. Go! I am sending you out like lambs among wolves. Do not take a purse or bag or sandals; and do not greet anyone on the road. “When you enter a house, first say, ‘Peace to this house.’ If someone who promotes peace is there, your peace will rest on them; if not, it will return to you. Stay there, eating and drinking whatever they give you, for the worker deserves his wages. Do not move around from house to house. “When you enter a town and are welcomed, eat what is offered to you. Heal the sick who are there and tell them, ‘The kingdom of God has come near to you.’ But when you enter a town and are not welcomed, go into its streets and say, ‘Even the dust of your town we wipe from our feet as a warning to you. Yet be sure of this: The kingdom of God has come near.’

Monthly Bible Commentaries

“Do Not Be Afraid!”

Matthew 28:5-20

The angel said to the women, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. Come and see the place where he lay. Then go quickly and tell his disciples: ‘He has risen from the dead and is going ahead of you into Galilee. There you will see him.’ Now I have told you.” So the women hurried away from the tomb, afraid yet filled with joy, and ran to tell his disciples. Suddenly Jesus met them. “Greetings,” he said. They came to him, clasped his feet and worshiped him. Then Jesus said to them, “Do not be afraid. Go and tell my brothers to go to Galilee; there they will see me.” […] Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go. When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.” (Matthew 28: 5-20)

Monthly Bible Commentaries

Hoping for Everyone

1 Peter 3:18-22

Christ suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit. After being made alive, he went and made proclamation to the imprisoned spirits—to those who were disobedient long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. In it only a few people, eight in all, were saved through water, and this water symbolizes baptism that now saves you also—not the removal of dirt from the body but the pledge of a clear conscience toward God. It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ, who has gone into heaven and is at God’s right hand—with angels, authorities and powers in submission to him. (1 Peter 3:18–22)

Monthly Bible Commentaries

Opening a Path of Hope

Isaiah 61:1-3a

The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because the Lord has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim freedom for the captives and release from darkness for the prisoners, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor and the day of vengeance of our God, to comfort all who mourn, and provide for those who grieve in Zion — to bestow on them a crown of beauty instead of ashes, the oil of joy instead of mourning, and a garment of praise instead of a spirit of despair. (Isaiah 61.1-3a)

Monthly Bible Commentaries

Walk humbly with your God

Micah 6:6-8

With what shall I come before the Lord, and bow myself before God on high? Shall I come before him with burnt offerings, with calves a year old? Will the Lord be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousands of rivers of oil? He has told you, O mortal, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God? Sometimes it feels as if we live in a trembling world where every step is uncertain. The first chapter of the book of prophet Micah finds words for such experiences: it seems as if “valleys will split open, like wax before the fire, like waters poured down a steep place.” In the sixth chapter of the book of Micah, the reaction to this shaking of the foundations is initially a lot of activity, the understandable attempt to find something to do, to cope. It almost sounds hectic, exaggerated. But then the text becomes calm. The narrative stops itself and takes us into this quiet space: “He has told you, O mortal, what is good; and what does the Lord require of you, but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?’”

Monthly Bible Commentaries

Love Builds Up

1 Corinthians 8:1-13

Now about food sacrificed to idols: We know that “we all possess knowledge.” But knowledge puffs up while love builds up. Those who think they know something do not yet know as they ought to know. But whoever loves God is known by God. So then, about eating food sacrificed to idols: We know that “An idol is nothing at all in the world” and that “There is no God but one.” For even if there are so-called gods, whether in heaven or on earth (as indeed there are many “gods” and many “lords”), yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live. But not everyone possesses this knowledge. Some people are still so accustomed to idols that when they eat sacrificial food they think of it as having been sacrificed to a god, and since their conscience is weak,it is defiled. But food does not bring us near to God; we are no worse if we do not eat, and no better if we do. Be careful, however, that the exercise of your rights does not become a stumbling block to the weak. For if someone with a weak conscience sees you, with all your knowledge, eating in an idol’s temple, won’t that person be emboldened to eat what is sacrificed to idols? So this weak brother or sister, for whom Christ died, is destroyed by your knowledge. When you sin against them in this way and wound their weak conscience, you sin against Christ. Therefore, if what I eat causes my brother or sister to fall into sin, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause them to fall. (1 Corinthians 8:1-13)

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Discerning God’s Presence

1 Samuel 16:1,6-13

The Lord said to Samuel, “How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and be on your way; I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem. I have chosen one of his sons to be king.” (…) When Jesse and his sons arrived, Samuel saw Eliab and thought, “Surely the Lord’s anointed stands here before the Lord.” But the Lord said to Samuel, “Do not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The Lord does not look at the things people look at. People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.” Then Jesse called Abinadab and had him pass in front of Samuel. But Samuel said, “The Lord has not chosen this one either.” Jesse then had Shammah pass by, but Samuel said, “Nor has the Lord chosen this one.” Jesse had seven of his sons pass before Samuel, but Samuel said to him, “The Lord has not chosen these.” So he asked Jesse, “Are these all the sons you have?” “There is still the youngest,” Jesse answered. “He is tending the sheep.” Samuel said, “Send for him; we will not sit down until he arrives.” So he sent for him and had him brought in. He was glowing with health and had a fine appearance and handsome features. Then the Lord said, “Rise and anoint him; this is the one.” So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and from that day on the Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon David. (1 Samuel 16:1,6-13)

Monthly Bible Commentaries

The Light of a New Creation

John 20:11-17

Mary of Magdala stood weeping outside the tomb. As she wept, she bent over to look into the tomb; and she saw two angels in white, sitting where the body of Jesus had been lying, one at the head and the other at the feet. They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “They have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.” When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, but she did not know that it was Jesus. Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Who are you looking for?” Supposing him to be the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away.” Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She turned and said to him in Hebrew, “Rabbouni!” (which means Teacher). Jesus said to her, “Do not hold on to me, because I have not yet ascended to the Father. But go to my brothers and say to them, ’I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’” (John 20:11-17)

Monthly Bible Commentaries

The Baptism of Jesus

Mark 1:7-11

John the Baptist announced, “One stronger than I am is coming after me. I’m not even worthy to bend over and loosen the strap of his sandals. I baptize you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit.” About that time, Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee, and John baptized him in the Jordan River. While he was coming up out of the water, Jesus saw heaven splitting open and the Spirit, like a dove, coming down on him. And there was a voice from heaven: “You are my Son, whom I dearly love; in you I find happiness.”